1971 年版不列顛(英國)鷹匠俱樂部 行為規章
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I General
1. Falconry is the sport of taking wild quarry in its natural state and habitat by means of trained hawks.
2. The keeping of hawks as pets is not falconry, and is contrary to the policy of the British Falconers' Club.
3.The members of the British Falconers' Club must endeavour by all means to promote the welfare and future survival of hawks in the wild state in a world where modern development are increasingly unfavourable to their future.一.總則
1.鷹獵是以訓練過的鷹,捕獵處於自然狀態及自然環境中之野生獵物的一種狩獵活動。
2.將鷹當寵物養不是鷹獵,而且也和不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的政策相違背。
3.由於現代化發展使得野生鷹類的前途越來越不樂觀,不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的會員必須盡一切努力來促進野生鷹類之福祉及將來的生存。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ Observance of the Law
Members are under both a legal and a moral obligation to observe the Laws and customs of the United Kingdom and of foreign countries with regard to the taking, import and export of hawks, the taking of quarry species, and the right of access to land in the country concerned.二.守法
會員基於法律上和道德上的義務,必須遵守聯合王國(英國)及其它國家對於鷹的獲取、進出口,獵物種類,及進入相關土地權利取得的法規及習俗。
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III Conservation
The breeding stock necessary for the survival of hawk species is the haggard population, members shall not, save with the consent of the Committee, which shall only be granted in exceptional circumstances, take or acquire haggards of any species. In the case of eyasses and passage hawks, members shall restrict themselves to the minimum number required for their sport having regard to all the relevant circumstances.三.保育
成鷹族群具繁殖能力是鷹類存活的關鍵,縱觀目前世界性對鷹類族群的壓力,所有會員除經過理事會同意外,通常這都是在特殊情況下才核准的,絕對不可獲取任何鷹種的成鳥。就鷹的雛鳥及亞成鳥而言,各會員必須就相關的環境加以考慮,在從事這項狩獵活動時,節制自己的需求,儘量少養。
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IV Ethics of Care and Training of Hawks
1. Hawks must be properly housed, fed, equipped, trained and exercised.
2. NO more hawks should be kept than can be properly cared for in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
3. A falconer shall only keep a hawk if he can be sure of giving it adequate flights in suitable country at suitable quarry.
4. It is recommended that if possible all hawks be flown with Aylmeri jesses, to improve their chances of survival if lost, and that they should be marked to facilitate their identification and restoration to their owner if recovered, Every endeavour must be made to recover a lost hawk.
5. Hawks that are no longer required must either be handed on to a falconer who will treat them in accordance with this Code or be returned to the wild. IN the latter case, the hawk must be in good feather, in high condition, and reasonably capable of killing for itself. In case of doubt it must be hacked back. Hawks should not be released or hacked back in an unsuitable habitat, and on no account should species not indigenous to the British Isles be returned to the wild in the United Kingdom .四.照料和訓練鷹的道德規範
1.鷹必須正確適當的給予住處、餵養、裝備、訓練及運動。
2.持有鷹的數量不應超過能力上,依據上節所述,能正確適當照顧的數目。
3.一個鷹匠應該在確定能讓鷹盡情的在適合的環境中捕獵適當獵物的情況下,才養鷹。
4.建議儘可能在鷹放飛時使用雞眼扣腳帶,以增加鷹走失時的存活機會。且腳帶上應該作上記號,以方便尋回時之辨認及歸還原主。鷹走失時必須盡全力尋回。
5.鷹不想養時必須將牠交給願意依照本規章對待這隻鷹的鷹匠或將鷹野放;若照後者處理,這隻鷹必須羽毛完整,體能處於巔峰狀況,且具相當的捕獵供養自己的能力。如果對此條件有所疑慮,則必須採漸進野放法野放。不管採直接野放或漸進野放法,絕不可將鷹野放在不適合的環境。而且絕對不可將非原產於不列顛群島的種類野放在聯合王國境內。
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V Commercialisation
1. The exhibition or display of hawks by individual members, whether or not for profit, is contrary to the policy of the Club. Members may however take part in official displays organised by responsible bodies, if these displays have obtained the prior approval of the Committee.
2.Members must avoid interviews with the press, television, and sound broadcasting companies. A member who is approached to take part in such interviews should reply that the Rules of the British Falconers' Club do not allow him to do so without the sanction of the Committee. He must get in touch with the Honorary Secretary if he wishes to take the matter any further.
3. Members wishing to provide material for publishing, to take part in films or plays, or to give lectures, should first consult the advisory leaflet to be obtained from the Honorary Secretary and obtain his sanction.
4. Members shall not traffic in hawks, that is to say, buy, sell, lease, hire, exhibit or display them for profit on a commercial basis, This does not stop falconers from making reasonable payments to conscientious agents for hawks which are to be flown in accordance with this Code.五.商業化
1.個人會員利用鷹來展覽或表演,不論營利與否都和本俱樂部的政策相違背。不過會員在事先得到理事會同意的前提下,可以參加正當團體舉辦的表演活動。
2.會員必須避免受報章雜誌、電視,及廣播公司訪問。會員被接觸要做這類訪問時,應告知對方,不列顛鷹匠俱樂部法規規定,受訪必須經理事會批准。會員想進一步和媒體接觸前必須先和總幹事聯繫。
3.會員想要提供資料讓人出書,參加電影或戲劇演出,或演講前,須向總幹事索取參考資料,加以詳閱並取得他的批准。
4.會員不准用鷹營利,也就是說商業性的買、賣、租借、聘用、展覽鷹或用鷹作表演來獲利,不過這並不阻止會員,付適當的金錢向有良心的機構購買鷹,依據本規章的規定放鷹。
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VI Enforcement
The breach by a member of the British Falconers' Club of any of the provisions of the Code shall be deemed to be action injurious to the interests of falconry within the meaning of Rule 18, and shall render him liable to disciplinary proceedings according to the provisions of that Rule.六.執行
不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的任何會員違犯規章中的任何條款,以法規第十八條的義意而言,此將被認為對鷹獵的利益造成傷害,應該根據法規的相關條款加以懲罰處置。
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VII Definition
In this Code, the word "hawk" includes falcons, hawks, eagles and any other diurnal bird of prey capable of being used for the sport of falconry.七.定義
在本規章中「鷹」這個字包括隼類、鷹類、鵰類及其它能夠用於鷹獵的日行性猛禽。
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VIII Commencement
This revised Code shall come into force on 12th of November 1971.八.施行
此修正之規章於1971年 十一月十二日 生效。
Notes on British falconers' Club Code of Conduct不列顛(英國)鷹匠俱樂部行為規章細則
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I General
The growth of falconry in recent years has resulted in an increasing demand for hawks, at a time when wild populations have been substantially reduced by pollution of the environment all over the world by chlorinated hydrocarbons and similar toxic chemicals. The damage which this increasing demand may do to wild populations has alarmed falconers and conservationists alike, and attempts have been made to control the actions of falconers by law and through the codes of conduct of falconry organisations.
While genuine falconry may not be detrimental to wild populations, in that hawks flown regularly at quarry have a good chance of returning to the wild, the same cannot be claimed for hawks kept in collections, as pets, or in aviaries.一.總則
近年來鷹獵活動的成長導致對鷹需求的增加,然而當前,全球性有機氯及近似的化學毒物對環境的污染,已使得野生鷹類族群大量減少。鷹匠和保育人士同樣警覺到,由於鷹需求的增加已對鷹野生族群造成傷害,因此他們試著以法律及鷹獵團體的行為規章來控制鷹匠的行為。
不過真正的鷹獵應該不會傷害到鷹的野生族群,因為鷹若規律性放出去打獵,則很可能會回到野外,這種情形是不可以跟把鷹圈養成寵物或關在鳥籠相提並論的。
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II Observance of the Law
To control the demand for hawks and ensure that those taken fall only into the hands of genuine falconers, there are laws restricting the taking, import and export of hawks.
There are many, however, who believe that hawks taken for falconry are a total loss to the wild breeding population, that falconry is at best unnecessary, and moreover, that since considerable effort is needed to control it, a simpler solution would be to ban it altogether or strangle it by totally restricting the supply of hawks.
Every single case of falconers acting in defiance of legal and moral restrictions, whether involving the obtaining of hawks, taking of quarry, or anything else, serves to strengthen the case of those who oppose falconry, while the numerous beneficial actions of falconers are frequently overlooked.
It is therefore absolutely vital that members of the BFC not only provide no ground for criticism themselves, however justifiable they personally may feel some possibly controversial action to be, but also actively dissuade other falconers from so doing.二.守法
為了控制對鷹的需求及確保取得的鷹是到真正的鷹匠手?,有各種法律來限制鷹的獲取及進出口。
然而不少人認為拿鷹從事鷹獵對野生繁殖族群只有損失,所以最好不要有鷹獵;甚至認為,管制鷹獵要花不少功夫,最簡單的解決方法就是完全禁止或切斷鷹的補給。
不管牽涉的是鷹的取得、獲取獵物或其它相關的事情,鷹匠所作的每一件藐視法律和道德規範的案例,都會加強反對鷹獵的聲浪,而鷹匠所作的無數好事經常因此會被忽視掉。
因此非常重要的一件事就是:不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的成員所作的事可能引起爭論時,不論自己認為所作的事多麼正當,都不要留人話柄,更要勸阻別人作這樣的事。
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III Conservation
Although captive breeding may appear an inviting means of obtaining hawks and improving the conservation image of falconry, most experiments at present fail to produce young or even materially increase our knowledge of the requirements for captive breeding. The International Association of Falconry and Conservation of Birds of Prey, of which the BFC is a founder member, has laid down that captive breeding projects should only be conducted by qualified scientists or falconers with many years' experience.
Only careful systematic research, for which few are qualified, will result in the development of successful techniques. Many hawks are hard to obtain not because of rarity in the wild, but because concern at a growing demand has caused restrictions to be placed on their supply. A general rush to obtain extra hawks for breeding, haggards often being specifically required, would only inflate this demand yet further, with the risk of even greater restrictions being placed on the supply, and it is unlikely to materially increase the rate at which successful techniques are developed.
Although the Club has no objections to birds flown by falconers also being used in breeding projects, captive breeding is not falconry in the sense of this Code.三.保育
雖然圈養繁殖是不錯的一種取得鷹的方法,也可以增進鷹獵對保育的映象,但目前大部份的實驗都沒辦法產生小鳥甚或增進我們對圈養繁殖的知識。不列顛鷹匠俱樂部為創始會員之一的國際鷹獵暨猛禽保育協會規定,圈養繁殖計劃應該只能由合格的科學家或有多年經驗的鷹匠來從事。
只有系統化的研究才能發展出成功的技術,但合格的研究太少了。很多鷹種很難取得,並非牠們在野外很稀少,而是對需求增加引起的關切,限制了牠們的供給。急著要得到額外的鷹用以繁殖,通常特別要成鷹,只會擴大對鷹的需求,更會冒著被加上更嚴厲的限制鷹之供給的危險,如此也不會實質增加發展成功技巧的比例。
雖然本規章並不反對用鷹匠在放的鷹從事繁殖計劃,不過以規章的精神而言,圈養繁殖並非鷹獵。
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IV Ethics of Care and Training of Hawks
The vast majority of falconers' hawks are obtained from the wild. If they are properly cared for and flown regularly they may eventually return to the wild and raise more hawks.
Aylmeri anklets and field jesses do not become caught up in cover, so that a lost hawk has a good chance of surviving to be recovered or breed. The Club plans to initiate a scheme for marking members' hawks and providing them with Aylmeri jesses.
Hawks lost or hacked back in unsuitable habitat are unlikely to survive. On the other hand, the survival of alien species could result in their displacing our native species, which would not only deprive us of the use of our native hawks, but would also severely damage our reputation with the conservation bodies whose good will is essential to us.四.照料和訓練鷹的道德規範
大部份鷹匠的鷹都是自野外取得的,如果這些鷹能好好的照顧並規律的放飛,牠們終會回歸自然並生養更多的鷹。
雞眼扣式腳帶不會在灌叢中被絆住,所以遺失的鷹有較好的機會存活,而能找回或在野外繁殖。本俱樂部計劃發展標示會員的鷹的方法,並提供他們雞眼扣腳帶。
鷹不論是遺失或漸進野放在不適合的環境,都不太可能存活,另一方面,外來鷹種若存活下來可能會取代我們本土的鷹種,如此不但會剝奪我們使用我們本土鷹種的權利,更會嚴重的傷害到我們在保育團體的聲譽,而他們的善意對我們是很重要的。
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V Commercialisation
It is the experience of the Club that publicity which involves falconry serves only to increase the demand for hawks, many of which are wanted as status symbol pets and not for genuine falconry. It may result i the illegal taking of wild hawks, often by those with inadequate knowledge of how to look after them, and thus seriously damage the reputation of falconry as a whole.
We therefore request members actively to avoid any publicity involving falconry, and to be wary of publicity involving hawks in general. This means saying "no" to requests for a picture or a story by reporters for local press, radio and television, but doing so politely and explaining why. The Club will not take lightly the involvement of members in sensational publicity.
Members are advised that the sale of hawks obtained under licence is illegal. The Club keeps a list of hawks offered for exchange or passing-on, so it is not really necessary for members to make use of more public channels of advertising to obtain hawks.
It was the establishment of an expanding trade in hawks, which were often imported and housed in conditions resulting i many deaths, which made necessary the present restrictions on the import of hawks. This trade arose as a direct result of publicity creating and increasing demand for hawks.
Members are therefore advised not to encourage other people to take up falconry. Those who require encouragement do not usually make good falconers. Long experience has shown that real falconers do not ever need to be encouraged.五.商業化
依據本俱樂部的經驗,牽扯到鷹獵的宣傳活動只會促進對鷹需求的增加,許多人只是把鷹當成地位象徵的寵物而不是真正的鷹獵。這樣會導致一些不知道如何照顧鷹的人去非法獲取野生鷹類。因此嚴重的傷害整個鷹獵的聲譽。
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I General
1. Falconry is the sport of taking wild quarry in its natural state and habitat by means of trained hawks.
2. The keeping of hawks as pets is not falconry, and is contrary to the policy of the British Falconers' Club.
3.The members of the British Falconers' Club must endeavour by all means to promote the welfare and future survival of hawks in the wild state in a world where modern development are increasingly unfavourable to their future.一.總則
1.鷹獵是以訓練過的鷹,捕獵處於自然狀態及自然環境中之野生獵物的一種狩獵活動。
2.將鷹當寵物養不是鷹獵,而且也和不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的政策相違背。
3.由於現代化發展使得野生鷹類的前途越來越不樂觀,不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的會員必須盡一切努力來促進野生鷹類之福祉及將來的生存。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ Observance of the Law
Members are under both a legal and a moral obligation to observe the Laws and customs of the United Kingdom and of foreign countries with regard to the taking, import and export of hawks, the taking of quarry species, and the right of access to land in the country concerned.二.守法
會員基於法律上和道德上的義務,必須遵守聯合王國(英國)及其它國家對於鷹的獲取、進出口,獵物種類,及進入相關土地權利取得的法規及習俗。
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III Conservation
The breeding stock necessary for the survival of hawk species is the haggard population, members shall not, save with the consent of the Committee, which shall only be granted in exceptional circumstances, take or acquire haggards of any species. In the case of eyasses and passage hawks, members shall restrict themselves to the minimum number required for their sport having regard to all the relevant circumstances.三.保育
成鷹族群具繁殖能力是鷹類存活的關鍵,縱觀目前世界性對鷹類族群的壓力,所有會員除經過理事會同意外,通常這都是在特殊情況下才核准的,絕對不可獲取任何鷹種的成鳥。就鷹的雛鳥及亞成鳥而言,各會員必須就相關的環境加以考慮,在從事這項狩獵活動時,節制自己的需求,儘量少養。
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IV Ethics of Care and Training of Hawks
1. Hawks must be properly housed, fed, equipped, trained and exercised.
2. NO more hawks should be kept than can be properly cared for in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
3. A falconer shall only keep a hawk if he can be sure of giving it adequate flights in suitable country at suitable quarry.
4. It is recommended that if possible all hawks be flown with Aylmeri jesses, to improve their chances of survival if lost, and that they should be marked to facilitate their identification and restoration to their owner if recovered, Every endeavour must be made to recover a lost hawk.
5. Hawks that are no longer required must either be handed on to a falconer who will treat them in accordance with this Code or be returned to the wild. IN the latter case, the hawk must be in good feather, in high condition, and reasonably capable of killing for itself. In case of doubt it must be hacked back. Hawks should not be released or hacked back in an unsuitable habitat, and on no account should species not indigenous to the British Isles be returned to the wild in the United Kingdom .四.照料和訓練鷹的道德規範
1.鷹必須正確適當的給予住處、餵養、裝備、訓練及運動。
2.持有鷹的數量不應超過能力上,依據上節所述,能正確適當照顧的數目。
3.一個鷹匠應該在確定能讓鷹盡情的在適合的環境中捕獵適當獵物的情況下,才養鷹。
4.建議儘可能在鷹放飛時使用雞眼扣腳帶,以增加鷹走失時的存活機會。且腳帶上應該作上記號,以方便尋回時之辨認及歸還原主。鷹走失時必須盡全力尋回。
5.鷹不想養時必須將牠交給願意依照本規章對待這隻鷹的鷹匠或將鷹野放;若照後者處理,這隻鷹必須羽毛完整,體能處於巔峰狀況,且具相當的捕獵供養自己的能力。如果對此條件有所疑慮,則必須採漸進野放法野放。不管採直接野放或漸進野放法,絕不可將鷹野放在不適合的環境。而且絕對不可將非原產於不列顛群島的種類野放在聯合王國境內。
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V Commercialisation
1. The exhibition or display of hawks by individual members, whether or not for profit, is contrary to the policy of the Club. Members may however take part in official displays organised by responsible bodies, if these displays have obtained the prior approval of the Committee.
2.Members must avoid interviews with the press, television, and sound broadcasting companies. A member who is approached to take part in such interviews should reply that the Rules of the British Falconers' Club do not allow him to do so without the sanction of the Committee. He must get in touch with the Honorary Secretary if he wishes to take the matter any further.
3. Members wishing to provide material for publishing, to take part in films or plays, or to give lectures, should first consult the advisory leaflet to be obtained from the Honorary Secretary and obtain his sanction.
4. Members shall not traffic in hawks, that is to say, buy, sell, lease, hire, exhibit or display them for profit on a commercial basis, This does not stop falconers from making reasonable payments to conscientious agents for hawks which are to be flown in accordance with this Code.五.商業化
1.個人會員利用鷹來展覽或表演,不論營利與否都和本俱樂部的政策相違背。不過會員在事先得到理事會同意的前提下,可以參加正當團體舉辦的表演活動。
2.會員必須避免受報章雜誌、電視,及廣播公司訪問。會員被接觸要做這類訪問時,應告知對方,不列顛鷹匠俱樂部法規規定,受訪必須經理事會批准。會員想進一步和媒體接觸前必須先和總幹事聯繫。
3.會員想要提供資料讓人出書,參加電影或戲劇演出,或演講前,須向總幹事索取參考資料,加以詳閱並取得他的批准。
4.會員不准用鷹營利,也就是說商業性的買、賣、租借、聘用、展覽鷹或用鷹作表演來獲利,不過這並不阻止會員,付適當的金錢向有良心的機構購買鷹,依據本規章的規定放鷹。
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VI Enforcement
The breach by a member of the British Falconers' Club of any of the provisions of the Code shall be deemed to be action injurious to the interests of falconry within the meaning of Rule 18, and shall render him liable to disciplinary proceedings according to the provisions of that Rule.六.執行
不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的任何會員違犯規章中的任何條款,以法規第十八條的義意而言,此將被認為對鷹獵的利益造成傷害,應該根據法規的相關條款加以懲罰處置。
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VII Definition
In this Code, the word "hawk" includes falcons, hawks, eagles and any other diurnal bird of prey capable of being used for the sport of falconry.七.定義
在本規章中「鷹」這個字包括隼類、鷹類、鵰類及其它能夠用於鷹獵的日行性猛禽。
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VIII Commencement
This revised Code shall come into force on 12th of November 1971.八.施行
此修正之規章於1971年 十一月十二日 生效。
Notes on British falconers' Club Code of Conduct不列顛(英國)鷹匠俱樂部行為規章細則
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I General
The growth of falconry in recent years has resulted in an increasing demand for hawks, at a time when wild populations have been substantially reduced by pollution of the environment all over the world by chlorinated hydrocarbons and similar toxic chemicals. The damage which this increasing demand may do to wild populations has alarmed falconers and conservationists alike, and attempts have been made to control the actions of falconers by law and through the codes of conduct of falconry organisations.
While genuine falconry may not be detrimental to wild populations, in that hawks flown regularly at quarry have a good chance of returning to the wild, the same cannot be claimed for hawks kept in collections, as pets, or in aviaries.一.總則
近年來鷹獵活動的成長導致對鷹需求的增加,然而當前,全球性有機氯及近似的化學毒物對環境的污染,已使得野生鷹類族群大量減少。鷹匠和保育人士同樣警覺到,由於鷹需求的增加已對鷹野生族群造成傷害,因此他們試著以法律及鷹獵團體的行為規章來控制鷹匠的行為。
不過真正的鷹獵應該不會傷害到鷹的野生族群,因為鷹若規律性放出去打獵,則很可能會回到野外,這種情形是不可以跟把鷹圈養成寵物或關在鳥籠相提並論的。
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II Observance of the Law
To control the demand for hawks and ensure that those taken fall only into the hands of genuine falconers, there are laws restricting the taking, import and export of hawks.
There are many, however, who believe that hawks taken for falconry are a total loss to the wild breeding population, that falconry is at best unnecessary, and moreover, that since considerable effort is needed to control it, a simpler solution would be to ban it altogether or strangle it by totally restricting the supply of hawks.
Every single case of falconers acting in defiance of legal and moral restrictions, whether involving the obtaining of hawks, taking of quarry, or anything else, serves to strengthen the case of those who oppose falconry, while the numerous beneficial actions of falconers are frequently overlooked.
It is therefore absolutely vital that members of the BFC not only provide no ground for criticism themselves, however justifiable they personally may feel some possibly controversial action to be, but also actively dissuade other falconers from so doing.二.守法
為了控制對鷹的需求及確保取得的鷹是到真正的鷹匠手?,有各種法律來限制鷹的獲取及進出口。
然而不少人認為拿鷹從事鷹獵對野生繁殖族群只有損失,所以最好不要有鷹獵;甚至認為,管制鷹獵要花不少功夫,最簡單的解決方法就是完全禁止或切斷鷹的補給。
不管牽涉的是鷹的取得、獲取獵物或其它相關的事情,鷹匠所作的每一件藐視法律和道德規範的案例,都會加強反對鷹獵的聲浪,而鷹匠所作的無數好事經常因此會被忽視掉。
因此非常重要的一件事就是:不列顛鷹匠俱樂部的成員所作的事可能引起爭論時,不論自己認為所作的事多麼正當,都不要留人話柄,更要勸阻別人作這樣的事。
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III Conservation
Although captive breeding may appear an inviting means of obtaining hawks and improving the conservation image of falconry, most experiments at present fail to produce young or even materially increase our knowledge of the requirements for captive breeding. The International Association of Falconry and Conservation of Birds of Prey, of which the BFC is a founder member, has laid down that captive breeding projects should only be conducted by qualified scientists or falconers with many years' experience.
Only careful systematic research, for which few are qualified, will result in the development of successful techniques. Many hawks are hard to obtain not because of rarity in the wild, but because concern at a growing demand has caused restrictions to be placed on their supply. A general rush to obtain extra hawks for breeding, haggards often being specifically required, would only inflate this demand yet further, with the risk of even greater restrictions being placed on the supply, and it is unlikely to materially increase the rate at which successful techniques are developed.
Although the Club has no objections to birds flown by falconers also being used in breeding projects, captive breeding is not falconry in the sense of this Code.三.保育
雖然圈養繁殖是不錯的一種取得鷹的方法,也可以增進鷹獵對保育的映象,但目前大部份的實驗都沒辦法產生小鳥甚或增進我們對圈養繁殖的知識。不列顛鷹匠俱樂部為創始會員之一的國際鷹獵暨猛禽保育協會規定,圈養繁殖計劃應該只能由合格的科學家或有多年經驗的鷹匠來從事。
只有系統化的研究才能發展出成功的技術,但合格的研究太少了。很多鷹種很難取得,並非牠們在野外很稀少,而是對需求增加引起的關切,限制了牠們的供給。急著要得到額外的鷹用以繁殖,通常特別要成鷹,只會擴大對鷹的需求,更會冒著被加上更嚴厲的限制鷹之供給的危險,如此也不會實質增加發展成功技巧的比例。
雖然本規章並不反對用鷹匠在放的鷹從事繁殖計劃,不過以規章的精神而言,圈養繁殖並非鷹獵。
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IV Ethics of Care and Training of Hawks
The vast majority of falconers' hawks are obtained from the wild. If they are properly cared for and flown regularly they may eventually return to the wild and raise more hawks.
Aylmeri anklets and field jesses do not become caught up in cover, so that a lost hawk has a good chance of surviving to be recovered or breed. The Club plans to initiate a scheme for marking members' hawks and providing them with Aylmeri jesses.
Hawks lost or hacked back in unsuitable habitat are unlikely to survive. On the other hand, the survival of alien species could result in their displacing our native species, which would not only deprive us of the use of our native hawks, but would also severely damage our reputation with the conservation bodies whose good will is essential to us.四.照料和訓練鷹的道德規範
大部份鷹匠的鷹都是自野外取得的,如果這些鷹能好好的照顧並規律的放飛,牠們終會回歸自然並生養更多的鷹。
雞眼扣式腳帶不會在灌叢中被絆住,所以遺失的鷹有較好的機會存活,而能找回或在野外繁殖。本俱樂部計劃發展標示會員的鷹的方法,並提供他們雞眼扣腳帶。
鷹不論是遺失或漸進野放在不適合的環境,都不太可能存活,另一方面,外來鷹種若存活下來可能會取代我們本土的鷹種,如此不但會剝奪我們使用我們本土鷹種的權利,更會嚴重的傷害到我們在保育團體的聲譽,而他們的善意對我們是很重要的。
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V Commercialisation
It is the experience of the Club that publicity which involves falconry serves only to increase the demand for hawks, many of which are wanted as status symbol pets and not for genuine falconry. It may result i the illegal taking of wild hawks, often by those with inadequate knowledge of how to look after them, and thus seriously damage the reputation of falconry as a whole.
We therefore request members actively to avoid any publicity involving falconry, and to be wary of publicity involving hawks in general. This means saying "no" to requests for a picture or a story by reporters for local press, radio and television, but doing so politely and explaining why. The Club will not take lightly the involvement of members in sensational publicity.
Members are advised that the sale of hawks obtained under licence is illegal. The Club keeps a list of hawks offered for exchange or passing-on, so it is not really necessary for members to make use of more public channels of advertising to obtain hawks.
It was the establishment of an expanding trade in hawks, which were often imported and housed in conditions resulting i many deaths, which made necessary the present restrictions on the import of hawks. This trade arose as a direct result of publicity creating and increasing demand for hawks.
Members are therefore advised not to encourage other people to take up falconry. Those who require encouragement do not usually make good falconers. Long experience has shown that real falconers do not ever need to be encouraged.五.商業化
依據本俱樂部的經驗,牽扯到鷹獵的宣傳活動只會促進對鷹需求的增加,許多人只是把鷹當成地位象徵的寵物而不是真正的鷹獵。這樣會導致一些不知道如何照顧鷹的人去非法獲取野生鷹類。因此嚴重的傷害整個鷹獵的聲譽。
奉勸各位會員,依法取得的鷹是不可出售的,本俱樂部有一份要交換或移轉之鷹的名單,所以會員並不需要用公開的廣告來取得鷹。
譯者按: 這是我十四年前發行鷹獵通訊最後翻譯的幾篇文章,時光苒茬一晃眼,我已從在臺灣橫衝直闖的遊戲少年,變成中年老成只會書空咄咄的異國遊民。
歐美猛禽研究保育界和鷹獵界近五十年來所發展的那種"鷹"雄所見略同的包容,和互補,這十幾二十年來在臺灣一直沒有發生。
臺灣"猛禽"界還是欠缺"研究"所需要的客觀、開放性思路來選擇研究的方法和保育的策略,未經科學辯證就以個人宗教性偏好的立場排擠其他使用猛禽資源的族群。不過我想想目前國內的猛禽界大部份是以"研究會"、"攝影協會"或"野鳥學會"的形式存在,「保育」只是點綴性的出現在會章上,所以也不能太責怪他們。
在許多猛禽界的人可以花幾萬、幾十萬去買高級相機、望遠鏡等光學器材和百萬名貴越野車,保育美名嘎嘎做響的同時,有沒有人捫心自問,我投資了多少錢去幫忙購買猛禽棲地?去復育猛禽棲地,或去設立餵食站?1992里約生物多樣性會議所揭櫫的就是保育和原住民的關係,在鷹界一年幾天到滿州賞鷹大拜拜,指責鄉民盜獵猛禽的同時,滿州居民可是365天住在這的,有多少人去屏東滿洲投資或消費,並讓當地人知道保護灰面鵟鷹會帶來經濟利益,而參與保育行列?鷹界花了多少資源幫忙窮研究生進行猛禽研究了呢?甚至根本上有沒有想過怎樣才會讓猛禽多起來?因為有猛禽列在保育類名單,就是猛禽愛好者的恥辱。
這些年來,猛禽界一些自律、律人皆甚嚴的人,雖然觀察的鷹種族群已經達到令人驚恐的低點,不但堅持自己不介入的原則;也不准其他人介入其領域,不准以其他未經其許可的方式研究、監測"他們的"猛禽。雖成就了許多文采豐富的巨著,但基本上這和寫"羅馬淪亡錄"不是一樣?是在記錄一個族群的滅絕史。我個人認為這種不近人情的清高是冷血而不負責任的態度,只是踩在鷹的枯骨上成就個人功名。
整個期間,猛禽界除未經科學辯證就阻止別人以其它方式保育、研究或使用猛禽外,沒有提出或執行過一項復育計劃案,沒有一個針對特定瀕危猛禽種類的復育小組成立過,甚至沒有一個空洞的保育猛禽族群安全數量目標被提出過。大家保育、復育喊得漫天覆地的同時,沒有人提出討論過任何一項保育、復育猛禽的工作願景。讓我不禁懷疑很多人想讓所有猛禽永遠列在保育類,這樣才有經費買更多名貴攝影器材,展出掛有自己名字的猛禽攝影作品。如果這品種絕種了更好,自己就成了後無來者的名士了。
鷹獵界也好不到那去;盜捕、盜獵、走私、盜賣惡形惡狀一樣不缺。鷹販還是到處招搖撞騙。新人還是一個一個落入買鷹毀鷹的行列,少數有良知的鷹師只好藏於心,隱於市,閉其口,低調進行著永續性鷹獵活動。
美國自1974年尼克森頒佈瀕危物種法後,1999年已經有美國遊隼和白頭海雕兩種瀕危猛禽自名單上除名,加州兀鷲也自野外絕種的危機中,恢復到野外已有一百多隻的數量。臺灣自民國78年6月23日頒佈野生動物保育法後,到現在已經20年,我們有任何一種猛禽自保育類名單上除名嗎?不管你是鷹獵界或猛禽界,各位想過臺灣全部猛禽都還列在保育類名單上,而瀕危猛禽中沒有任何一種不用說除名,連降級的趨勢都沒有,而我們還是抱持著無作為;等待老天保祐的態度,這不是我們大家自稱愛鷹人的最大恥辱嗎?如果一個人看著自己深愛的人病得奄奄一息,卻不將他(她)送醫,也不讓其情敵將他(她)送醫,而趁這個機會拍攝一部愛人臨死記錄片,好得普立茲獎。不知你們的感覺如何?
讓我們再捫心自問,我們的猛禽保育甚或物種保育工作有歐美國家作得好嗎?西方國家產、學、官三方可以擯棄私人立場,以科學辯證的方式選擇最佳的保育,復育方法,讓他們熱愛的猛禽有較佳的存活機會。他們的作法不值得我們參考嗎,歐美大部份國家曾因60年代猛禽危機,而禁止鷹獵或要鷹獵界閉嘴的嗎?
鷹獵只是猛禽及獵物資源的一種使用方式,賞鷹、拍鷹及吃素或禽、畜也是一種使用猛禽及獵物資源的方式,傳統捕捉猛禽加以訓練、放獵,隔年再野放的鷹獵,和拿望遠鏡觀賞都是一種對猛禽資源輕度的干擾(猛禽以眼力銳利著稱,你確定拿望遠鏡或相機在遠處觀賞拍攝就不會侵擾他們嗎?)這些活動都需法規的管理規範,才能避免對資源產生不可恢復的負面衝擊。不捕獵的人雖不直接獵殺動物,一幅君子遠庖廚的態度,但因食素或家禽、畜而墾荒種地、除草、翻土、灌溉,對原生物種棲地及土壤、水文生態系的破壞及長遠,遠甚於低強度的以鷹獵取。雙方有需要互相指責彼此的資源利用方式嗎 ?
臺灣猛禽需要所有關心熱愛猛禽的社群開放心胸同心協助,猛禽界應該多教教鷹獵界有關猛禽生態的知識及保育的重要性;鷹獵界鷹該守法,並多多利用自己對圈養猛禽的知識、熱情,積極投入猛禽保育、復育的工作,另一方面;大家需要協商一套大家能接受的猛禽資源使用管理規範,不要讓野外猛禽受到過份干擾,並避免圈養的猛禽成為地下黑戶,而無法管理及確保其福址。
我實在很不想當那個跟國王說:「國王,你沒穿衣服!」的小孩。希望十四年後,我不需要再講同樣一套話,因為大家已經開香賓慶祝所有猛禽自保育類名錄除名。
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